Sun, 06 Mar 2011 21:04:44 +0000
Fix file modes
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130 <h1>LatticeMico32 Processor <a title="View Reference Manual" href="lm32_archman.pdf" target="_blank" onmouseover="if ((parseInt(navigator.appVersion) == 4) && (navigator.appName == 'Netscape')) ehlp_showtip(this,event,'View Reference Manual');" onmouseout="if ((parseInt(navigator.appVersion) == 4) && (navigator.appName == 'Netscape')) ehlp_hidetip();"><img src="ds_icon_ast.jpg" x-maintain-ratio="TRUE" width="29px" height="31px" border="0" class="img_whs1"></a></h1>
132 <p>The LatticeMico32 processor is a high-performance 32-bit microprocessor
133 optimized for Lattice Semiconductor field-programmable gate arrays. </p>
135 <p class="whs2"><span style="font-style: italic;"><I>*If the
136 processor manual fails to open, see the note at the bottom of this page.</I></span></p>
138 <h2>Revision History</h2>
140 <table x-use-null-cells cellspacing="0" width="738" height="84" class="whs3">
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143 //--></script>
144 <col class="whs4">
145 <col class="whs5">
147 <tr valign="top" class="whs6">
148 <td bgcolor="#DEE8F4" width="93px" class="whs7">
149 <p class=Table
150 style="font-weight: bold;">Version</td>
151 <td bgcolor="#DEE8F4" width="598px" class="whs8">
152 <p class=Table
153 style="font-weight: bold;">Description</td></tr>
155 <tr valign="top" class="whs6">
156 <td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="93px" class="whs9">
157 <p class=Table
158 style="font-weight: normal;">3.5</td>
159 <td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="598px" class="whs10">
160 <p class=whs10
161 style="margin-left: 0px;">Support added to allow Inline Memories to
162 be generated as non-power-of-two, as long as they are a multiple of 1024
163 bytes</td></tr>
165 <tr valign="top" class="whs6">
166 <td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="93px" class="whs9">
167 <p class=Table
168 style="font-weight: normal;">3.3</td>
169 <td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="598px" class="whs10">
170 <p class=whs10
171 style="margin-left: 0px;">Added Inline Memory to support on-chip memory
172 connected through a local bus.</td></tr>
174 <tr valign="top" class="whs6">
175 <td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="93px" class="whs9">
176 <p class=Table
177 style="font-weight: normal;">3.2</td>
178 <td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="598px" class="whs10">
179 <p class=whs10
180 style="margin-left: 0px;">Added Memory Type to instruction cache and
181 data cache.</td></tr>
183 <tr valign="top" class="whs6">
184 <td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="93px" class="whs9">
185 <p class=Table
186 style="font-weight: normal;">3.1</td>
187 <td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="598px" class="whs10">
188 <p class="whs11">Added static predictor to improve the behavior
189 of branches.</p>
190 <p class="whs11">Added support for optionally mapping the register
191 file to EBRs (on-chip memory).</p>
192 <p class="whs11">Added support for selecting between distributed
193 RAM and EBRs (pseudo-dual port or true-dual port) for instruction and
194 data caches.</td></tr>
196 <tr valign="top" class="whs6">
197 <td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="93px" class="whs9">
198 <p class=Table
199 style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">3.0
200 </span></td>
201 <td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="598px" class="whs10">
202 <p class="whs11">Fixed incorrect handling of data cache miss
203 in the presence of an instruction cache miss.</td></tr>
205 <tr valign="top" class="whs6">
206 <td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="93px" class="whs9">
207 <p class="whs11">1.0</td>
208 <td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="598px" class="whs10">
209 <p class="whs11">Initial version.</td></tr>
210 <script language='JavaScript'><!--
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213 </table>
215
217 <h2>Dialog Box Parameters –
218 General Tab</h2>
220 <table x-use-null-cells cellspacing="0" class="whs12">
221 <col class="whs13">
222 <col class="whs14">
224 <tr valign="top" class="whs15">
225 <td bgcolor="#DEE8F4" width="167px" class="whs16">
226 <p class=Table
227 style="font-weight: bold;">Parameter</td>
228 <td bgcolor="#DEE8F4" width="524px" class="whs17">
229 <p class=Table
230 style="font-weight: bold;">Description</td></tr>
232 <tr valign="top" class="whs15">
233 <td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="167px" class="whs18">
234 <p class=Table
235 style="font-weight: normal;">Instance Name</td>
236 <td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="524px" class="whs19">
237 <p class=Table
238 style="margin-left: 14px;">Specifies the name of the LatticeMico32
239 processor. Alphanumeric values and underscores are supported. The default
240 is LM32.</td></tr>
242 <tr valign="top" class="whs15">
243 <td colspan="2" rowspan="1" width="691px" class="whs20">
244 <p class=Table
245 style="font-weight: bold;">Settings</td>
246 </tr>
248 <tr valign="top" class="whs15">
249 <td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="167px" class="whs18">
250 <p class=Table>Use EBRs for Register File</td>
251 <td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="524px" class="whs21">
252 <p class=Table>Uses embedded block RAMS for the register file.</td></tr>
254 <tr valign="top" class="whs15">
255 <td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="167px" class="whs18">
256 <p class=Table>Enable Divide</td>
257 <td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="524px" class="whs21">
258 <p class=Table>Enables the divide and modulus instructions (<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">divu,
259 modu</span>).</td></tr>
261 <tr valign="top" class="whs15">
262 <td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="167px" class="whs18">
263 <p class=Table>Enable Sign Extend</td>
264 <td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="524px" class="whs21">
265 <p class=Table>Enables the sign-extension instructions (<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">sextb,
266 sexth</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">)</span>.</td></tr>
268 <tr valign="top" class="whs15">
269 <td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="167px" class="whs18">
270 <p class=Table>Location of Exception Handlers</td>
271 <td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="524px" class="whs21">
272 <p class=Table>Specifies the default value for the vector table. This can
273 be changed by updating the EBA control register or status register.</p>
274 <p class=Table>This address must be aligned to a 256-byte boundary, since
275 the hardware ignores the least-significant byte. Unpredictable behavior
276 occurs when the exception base address and the exception vectors are not
277 aligned on a 256-byte boundary.</td></tr>
279 <tr valign="top" class="whs15">
280 <td colspan="2" rowspan="1" width="691px" class="whs20">
281 <p class=Table
282 style="font-weight: bold;">Multiplier Settings</td>
283 </tr>
285 <tr valign="top" class="whs15">
286 <td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="167px" class="whs18">
287 <p class=Table>Enable Multiplier</td>
288 <td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="524px" class="whs21">
289 <p class=Table>Enables the multiply instructions (<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">mul,
290 muli)</span>.</td></tr>
292 <tr valign="top" class="whs15">
293 <td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="167px" class="whs18">
294 <p class=Table>Enable Pipelined Multiplier (DSP Block if available)</td>
295 <td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="524px" class="whs21">
296 <p class=Table>Enables the multiplier using the DSP block, if available.</td></tr>
298 <tr valign="top" class="whs15">
299 <td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="167px" class="whs18">
300 <p class=Table>Enable Multicycle (LUT-based, 32 cycles) Multiplier</td>
301 <td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="524px" class="whs21">
302 <p class=Table>Enables the multiplier using LUTs.</td></tr>
304 <tr valign="top" class="whs15">
305 <td colspan="2" rowspan="1" width="691px" class="whs20">
306 <p class=Table
307 style="font-weight: bold;">Instruction Cache</td>
308 </tr>
310 <tr valign="top" class="whs15">
311 <td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="167px" class="whs18">
312 <p class=Table>Instruction Cache Enabled</td>
313 <td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="524px" class="whs19">
314 <p class=Table
315 style="margin-left: 14px;">Determines whether an instruction cache
316 is implemented.</td></tr>
318 <tr valign="top" class="whs15">
319 <td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="167px" class="whs18">
320 <p class=Table>Number of Sets</td>
321 <td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="524px" class="whs19">
322 <p class=Table
323 style="margin-left: 14px;">Specifies the number of sets in the instruction
324 cache. Supported values are 128, 256, 512, 1024.</td></tr>
326 <tr valign="top" class="whs15">
327 <td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="167px" class="whs18">
328 <p class=Table>Set Associativity</td>
329 <td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="524px" class="whs19">
330 <p class=Table
331 style="margin-left: 14px;">Specifies the associativity of the instruction
332 cache. Supported values are 1, 2.</td></tr>
334 <tr valign="top" class="whs15">
335 <td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="167px" class="whs18">
336 <p class=Table>Bytes/Cache Line</td>
337 <td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="524px" class="whs19">
338 <p class=Table
339 style="margin-left: 15px;">Specifies the number of bytes per instruction
340 cache line. Supported values are 4, 8, 16.</td></tr>
342 <tr valign="top" class="whs15">
343 <td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="167px" class="whs18">
344 <p class=Table>Memory Type</td>
345 <td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="524px" class="whs19">
346 <p class=Table
347 style="margin-left: 15px;">Determines the FPGA resource to be used
348 to implement the instruction cache. The decision can be left to the synthesis
349 tool (Auto), or you can select from the following options:</p>
350 <ul type="disc" class="whs22">
352 <li class=kadov-p-CBullet><p class=Bullet>Auto –
353 Leaves the implementation of the instruction cache to the synthesis tool.</p></li>
355 <li class=kadov-p-CBullet><p class=Bullet>Distributed RAM –
356 Implements the instruction cache as distributed RAM.</p></li>
358 <li class=kadov-p-CBullet><p class=Bullet>Dual-Port EBR –
359 Implements the instruction cache as dual-port EBR (two read/write ports).</p></li>
361 <li class=kadov-p-CBullet><p class=Bullet>Pseudo Dual-Port EBR – Implements
362 the instruction cache as pseudo-dual-port EBR (one read port and one write
363 port). </p></li>
364 </ul></td></tr>
366 <tr valign="top" class="whs15">
367 <td colspan="2" rowspan="1" width="691px" class="whs20">
368 <p class=Table
369 style="font-weight: bold;">Debug Setting</td>
370 </tr>
372 <tr valign="top" class="whs15">
373 <td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="167px" class="whs18">
374 <p class=Table>Enable Debug Interface</td>
375 <td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="524px" class="whs21">
376 <p class=Table>Includes the debugger stub in the CPU, which is required
377 for debugging.</td></tr>
379 <tr valign="top" class="whs15">
380 <td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="167px" class="whs18">
381 <p class=Table># of H/W Watchpoint Registers</td>
382 <td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="524px" class="whs21">
383 <p class=Table
384 style="font-weight: normal;">Specifies the number of hardware watchpoint
385 registers to be used in the debugging process.</td></tr>
387 <tr valign="top" class="whs15">
388 <td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="167px" class="whs18">
389 <p class=Table>Enable Debugging Code in Flash or ROM</td>
390 <td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="524px" class="whs21">
391 <p class=Table
392 style="font-weight: normal;">Enables you to set hardware breakpoints
393 in read-only memory.</td></tr>
395 <tr valign="top" class="whs15">
396 <td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="167px" class="whs18">
397 <p class=Table># of H/W Breakpoint Registers</td>
398 <td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="524px" class="whs21">
399 <p class=Table>Specifies the number of hardware breakpoint registers to
400 be used in the debugging process.</td></tr>
402 <tr valign="top" class="whs15">
403 <td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="167px" class="whs18">
404 <p class=Table>Enable PC Trace</td>
405 <td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="524px" class="whs21">
406 <p class=Table>Enables the Program Counter Trace feature, which enables
407 you to run the program trace during debug to find items in your C or C++
408 Code during debug, such as breakpoints and exceptions. Refer to <span
409 style="font-weight: bold;"><B>Help > Help Contents > Lattice Software
410 Project Environment > Concepts > Program Counter Trace</B></span> for
411 more information on Program Counter Trace.</td></tr>
413 <tr valign="top" class="whs15">
414 <td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="167px" class="whs18">
415 <p class=Table>Trace Depth</td>
416 <td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="524px" class="whs21">
417 <p class=Table>Enables you to specify the depth of the Program Counter
418 Trace buffer. Refer to <span style="font-weight: bold;"><B>Help > Help
419 Contents > Lattice Software Project Environment >
420 Concepts > Program Counter Trace</B></span> for more information on Program
421 Counter Trace.</td></tr>
423 <tr valign="top" class="whs15">
424 <td colspan="2" rowspan="1" width="691px" class="whs20">
425 <p class=Table
426 style="font-weight: bold;">Shifter Settings</td>
427 </tr>
429 <tr valign="top" class="whs15">
430 <td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="167px" class="whs18">
431 <p class=Table>Enable Shifter</td>
432 <td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="524px" class="whs19">
433 <p>Enables the multi-bit shift instructions (sr, sri, sru, srui, sl, sli).
434 </td></tr>
436 <tr valign="top" class="whs15">
437 <td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="167px" class="whs18">
438 <p class=Table>Enable Piplined Barrel Shifter</td>
439 <td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="524px" class="whs19">
440 <p>Enables the barrel shifter to be pipelined. The barrel shifter is implemented
441 to perform a shift operation in three cycles.</td></tr>
443 <tr valign="top" class="whs15">
444 <td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="167px" class="whs18">
445 <p class=Table>Enable Multicycle Barrel Shifter (up to 32 cycles)</td>
446 <td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="524px" class="whs19">
447 <p>Enables multi-cycle shift operation for the barrel shifter. The barrel
448 shifter is implemented to shift one bit per cycle and take thirty-two
449 cycles to complete.</td></tr>
451 <tr valign="top" class="whs15">
452 <td colspan="2" rowspan="1" width="691px" class="whs20">
453 <p class=Table><span style="font-weight: bold;"><B>Data Cache</B></span></td>
454 </tr>
456 <tr valign="top" class="whs15">
457 <td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="167px" class="whs18">
458 <p class=Table>Data Cache Enabled</td>
459 <td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="524px" class="whs21">
460 <p class=Table>Determines whether a data cache is implemented.</td></tr>
462 <tr valign="top" class="whs15">
463 <td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="167px" class="whs18">
464 <p class=Table>Number of Sets</td>
465 <td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="524px" class="whs21">
466 <p class=Table>Specifies the number of sets in the data cache. Supported
467 values are 128, 256, 512, 1024.</td></tr>
469 <tr valign="top" class="whs15">
470 <td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="167px" class="whs18">
471 <p class=Table>Set Associativity</td>
472 <td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="524px" class="whs21">
473 <p class=Table>Specifies the associativity of the data cache. Supported
474 values are 1, 2.</td></tr>
476 <tr valign="top" class="whs15">
477 <td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="167px" class="whs18">
478 <p class=Table>Bytes/Cache Line</td>
479 <td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="524px" class="whs21">
480 <p class=Table>Specifies the number of bytes per data cache line. Supported
481 values are 4, 8, 16.</td></tr>
483 <tr valign="top" class="whs15">
484 <td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="167px" class="whs23">
485 <p class=Table>Memory Type</td>
486 <td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="524px" class="whs24">
487 <p class=Table>Determines the FPGA resource to be used to implement the
488 data cache. The decision can be left to the synthesis tool (Auto), or
489 you can select from the following options:</p>
490 <ul>
492 <li class=kadov-p-CBullet><p class=Bullet>Auto –
493 Leaves the implementation of the data cache to the synthesis tool.</p></li>
495 <li class=kadov-p-CBullet><p class=Bullet>Distributed RAM –
496 Implements the data cache as distributed RAM.</p></li>
498 <li class=kadov-p-CBullet><p class=Bullet>Dual-Port EBR –
499 Implements the data cache as dual-port EBR (two read/write ports).</p></li>
500 </ul></td></tr>
501 </table>
503 <p> </p>
505 <h2>Dialog Box Parameters –
506 Inline Memory Tab</h2>
508 <table x-use-null-cells cellspacing="0" class="whs12">
509 <col class="whs13">
510 <col class="whs14">
512 <tr valign="top" class="whs15">
513 <td bgcolor="#DEE8F4" width="167px" class="whs25">
514 <p class=Table
515 style="font-weight: bold;">Parameter</td>
516 <td bgcolor="#DEE8F4" width="524px" class="whs26">
517 <p class=Table
518 style="font-weight: bold;">Description</td></tr>
520 <tr valign="top" class="whs15">
521 <td rowspan="1" colspan="2" width="691px" class="whs27">
522 <p class=Table
523 style="font-weight: bold;">Instruction Inline Memory</td>
524 </tr>
526 <tr valign="top" class="whs15">
527 <td width="167px" class="whs28">
528 <p class=Table>Enable</td>
529 <td width="524px" class="whs29">
530 <p class=Table>Enables the instruction inline memory</td></tr>
532 <tr valign="top" class="whs15">
533 <td width="167px" class="whs28">
534 <p class=Table>Instance Name</td>
535 <td width="524px" class="whs29">
536 <p class=Table>Specifics the name of the instruction inline memory. Alphanumeric
537 values and underscores are supported. The default is Instruction_IM.</td></tr>
539 <tr valign="top" class="whs15">
540 <td width="167px" class="whs28">
541 <p class=Table>Base Address</td>
542 <td width="524px" class="whs29">
543 <p class=Table>Specifies the base address for the instruction inline memory.
544 The default is 0x10000000.</td></tr>
546 <tr valign="top" class="whs15">
547 <td width="167px" class="whs28">
548 <p class=Table>Size of Memory in Bytes</td>
549 <td width="524px" class="whs29">
550 <p class=Table>Specifies the size of the instruction inline memory.</td></tr>
552 <tr valign="top" class="whs15">
553 <td rowspan="1" colspan="2" width="691px" class="whs27">
554 <p class=Table><span style="font-weight: bold;"><B>Memory File</B></span></td>
555 </tr>
557 <tr valign="top" class="whs15">
558 <td width="167px" class="whs28">
559 <p class=Table>Initialization File Name</td>
560 <td width="524px" class="whs29">
561 <p class=Table>Specifies the name of the memory initialization file for
562 instruction inline memory.</td></tr>
564 <tr valign="top" class="whs15">
565 <td width="167px" class="whs28">
566 <p class=Table>File Format</td>
567 <td width="524px" class="whs29">
568 <p class=Table>Specifies the format of the memory initialization file:
569 hex or binary.</td></tr>
571 <tr valign="top" class="whs15">
572 <td rowspan="1" colspan="2" width="691px" class="whs27">
573 <p class=Table
574 style="font-weight: bold;">Data Inline Memory</td>
575 </tr>
577 <tr valign="top" class="whs15">
578 <td width="167px" class="whs28">
579 <p class=Table>Enabled</td>
580 <td width="524px" class="whs29">
581 <p class=Table>Enables the data inline memory.</td></tr>
583 <tr valign="top" class="whs15">
584 <td width="167px" class="whs28">
585 <p class=Table>Instance Name</td>
586 <td width="524px" class="whs29">
587 <p class=Table>Specifies the name of the data inline memory. Alphanumeric
588 values and underscores are supported. The default is Data_IM.</td></tr>
590 <tr valign="top" class="whs15">
591 <td width="167px" class="whs28">
592 <p class=Table>Base Address</td>
593 <td width="524px" class="whs29">
594 <p class=Table>Specifies the base address for the data inline memory. The
595 default is 0x20000000.</td></tr>
597 <tr valign="top" class="whs15">
598 <td width="167px" class="whs28">
599 <p class=Table>Size of Memory in Bytes</td>
600 <td width="524px" class="whs29">
601 <p class=Table>Specifies the size of the data inline memory.</td></tr>
603 <tr valign="top" class="whs15">
604 <td colspan="2" rowspan="1" width="691px" class="whs27">
605 <p class=Table
606 style="font-weight: bold;">Memory File</td>
607 </tr>
609 <tr valign="top" class="whs15">
610 <td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="167px" class="whs28">
611 <p class=Table>Initialization File Name</td>
612 <td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="524px" class="whs29">
613 <p class=Table>Specifies the name of the memory initialization file for
614 data inline memory.</td></tr>
616 <tr valign="top" class="whs15">
617 <td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="167px" class="whs30">
618 <p class=Table>File Format</td>
619 <td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="524px" class="whs31">
620 <p class=Table>Specifies the format of the memory initialization file:
621 hex or binary.</td></tr>
622 </table>
624 <p> </p>
626 <p>For the revision history of the component RTL files, refer to the header
627 of each component Verilog source file. </p>
629 <p><span style="font-weight: bold;"><B>Note</B></span>: If the processor manual
630 fails to open, click <img src="qm_icon.jpg" x-maintain-ratio="TRUE" width="14px" height="16px" border="0" class="img_whs32"> on the Available Components toolbar,
631 and then click the note button.</p>
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